更新各个设计模式示例，添加工厂方法、原型和单例模式的实现，重构相关代码并增强可读性

python/prototype/main.py

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+"""
+实例
+汤宝宝穿越到了星球大战世界，并掉到了克隆人军队的生产工厂。
+"""
+
+from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
+from copy import deepcopy
+
+
+# 克隆人接口
+class CloneTrooper(ABC):
+    @abstractmethod
+    def clone(self) -> "CloneTrooper":
+        pass
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def fight(self):
+        pass
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def setid(self, id: int):
+        pass
+
+
+# 具体的克隆人类
+class CloneTrooperA(CloneTrooper):
+    def __init__(self, id: int):
+        self.id = id
+
+    def clone(self):
+        print(f"克隆人A-{self.id}号正在克隆...")
+        return deepcopy(self)
+
+    def fight(self):
+        print(f"克隆人A-{self.id}号准备战斗！")
+
+    def setid(self, id: int):
+        self.id = id
+
+
+class CloneTrooperB(CloneTrooper):
+    def __init__(self, id: int):
+        self.id = id
+
+    def clone(self):
+        print(f"克隆人B-{self.id}号正在克隆...")
+        return deepcopy(self)
+
+    def fight(self):
+        print(f"克隆人B-{self.id}号准备战斗！")
+
+    def setid(self, id: int):
+        self.id = id
+
+
+def main():
+    print("========= 原型模式 =========")
+    # 创建原型克隆人A
+    prototype_a = CloneTrooperA(0)
+    prototype_a.fight()
+    clone_a1 = prototype_a.clone()
+    clone_a1.setid(1)
+    clone_a1.fight()
+
+    clone_a2 = clone_a1.clone()
+    clone_a2.setid(2)
+    clone_a2.fight()
+
+    # 创建原型克隆人B
+    prototype_b = CloneTrooperB(0)
+    prototype_b.fight()
+    clone_b1 = prototype_b.clone()
+    clone_b1.setid(1)
+    clone_b1.fight()
+
+    clone_b2 = clone_b1.clone()
+    clone_b2.setid(2)
+    clone_b2.fight()
+
+    print("\n======= 原型模式结束 =======")
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()