更新各个设计模式示例，添加工厂方法、原型和单例模式的实现，重构相关代码并增强可读性

python/singleton/main.py

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+"""
+实例
+汤宝宝混穿到了泰拉世界，并成为了泰拉联邦的唯一统治者。人类只有一个帝皇！
+"""
+
+
+# 帝皇类
+class Emperor(object):
+    __instance = None
+    __name = ""
+
+    def __new__(cls, name: str, announce: str):
+        if not cls.__instance:
+            cls.__instance = super(Emperor, cls).__new__(cls)
+            cls.__instance.__name = name
+        return cls.__instance
+
+    def __init__(self, name: str, announce: str) -> None:
+        print(announce)
+
+    @property
+    def name(self) -> str:
+        return self.__name
+
+
+def main() -> None:
+    print("========= 单例模式 =========")
+
+    # 创建帝皇
+    emperor1 = Emperor("汤宝宝", "泰拉联邦的帝皇诞生了！")
+    print(f"帝皇的名字是：{emperor1.name}！")
+    emperor2 = Emperor("王二狗", "泰拉联邦的帝皇又一次诞生了！")
+    print(f"帝皇的名字是：{emperor2.name}！")
+
+    if emperor1 is emperor2:
+        print(f"泰拉只有一个帝皇：{emperor1.name}！\n")
+
+    print("======= 单例模式结束 =======")
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()